◎ 顧長芸(中央研究院法律學研究所)
*本文經授權轉載自中研院法律所資訊法中心,2019/10/04發佈
*本研究感謝中央研究院「健康雲跨領域研究」支持

伊利諾州州長J. B. Pritzker於8月9日正式簽署人工智能影像面試法(Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act, AIVIA),此為美國首個規範雇主使用AI作為面試分析工具的州法法案,將於2020年1月1日正式施行。儘管AIVIA並未規定違反本法的罰則,並且AIVIA內容也有待州政府提出更精確的說明,但多數評論均認為,本法將成為美國各州規範先進科技應用上的仿效指標。
AIVIA規範的主要對象為雇主,若其提供之職務位於伊利諾州境內(based in Illinois),並且要求申請者錄製影像面試,同時將使用AI對於錄製的影像進行分析者,不論面試地點位於何處,雇主必須遵守AIVIA 的規定:包括面試前的通知(Notify)、提供(provide)資訊與取得(obtain)同意之規定,以及面試後對於面試影像的分享(sharing)與銷毀(destruction)的規範。
AIVIA規定,雇主必須於面試前(section 5),通知申請者將可能會使用AI分析面試影像並評估申請者是否適合此職務;同時,雇主也須於面試前提供資訊,解釋AI將如何運作以及AI將以何種特徵類型(general types of characteristics)來評估受試者是否適合此職務;再者,雇主須面試前取得申請者接受AI評估之同意。對於沒有同意的申請者,依AIVIA規定,雇主不得使用AI進行分析。
面試後,AIVIA規定,除非是為了評估申請者是否適合此職務,而必須分享影像給具有專長或技術者之外,雇主不得分享申請者的影像(section 10);並且,在雇主收到申請者提出要求(request)的30日內,必須銷毀面試影像,並且雇主應指示所有收到影像副本者,刪除副本影像,包括所有電子備份檔案(electronically generated backup copies)(section 15)。
由於AIVIA並未針對AI進行定義,也未說明何種程度的AI資訊說明才可滿足其提供資訊之要求,並且AIVIA要求雇主於收到申請者要求的30日內刪除影像,將可能與聯邦公平就業機會委員會(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC)對私人企業雇主(private employers)所規範之1年記錄保存義務(Recordkeeping Obligation, 29 CFR Part 1602)相衝突;綜上所述,AIVIA的確切施行範圍與施行方式,皆須待伊利諾州政府提供更進一步的說明。

資料來源
- Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act. (IL HB2557)
- Illinois Restricts Use of AI in Interviews. (Gary R. Clark, Jun. 17 2019, Quarles & Brady LLP) https://www.quarles.com/publications/illinois-restricts-use-of-ai-in-interviews/
- Companies Using Video Interviewing Beware: New Obligations for Positions Based in Illinois. (Adam S. Forman and Nathaniel M. Glasser, Jun. 11 2019, The National Law Review) https://www.natlawreview.com/article/companies-using-video-interviewing-beware-new-obligations-positions-based-illinois
延伸閱讀
- Illinois Becomes First State to Regulate Employers’ Use of Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate Video Interviews. (Jeffrey Bosley, K.C.Halm, Mattew Jedreski, John Seiver, Sep. 4 2019, Davis Wright Tremaine LLP) https://www.dwt.com/blogs/artificial-intelligence-law-advisor/2019/09/illinois-becomes-first-state-to-regulate-employers
- Illinois Bill Seeks to Regulate Use Of AI in Job Interviews. (Odia Kagan, Jun. 4 2019, Fox Rothschild LLP) https://dataprivacy.foxrothschild.com/2019/06/articles/general-privacy-data-security-news-developments/illinois-bill-seeks-to-regulate-use-of-ai-in-job-intervies/
- Illinois Employers Must Comply with Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act. (Daniel Waltz, Molly DiRago, Ronald I. Raether, Jr., Sep. 5 2019, Troutman Sanders) https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/illinois-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act.aspx
- Could Video Interviewing Land You in Court? (Sarah Fister Gale, Jul. 1 2019, Workforce) https://www.workforce.com/news/video-interviewing-land-you-in-court
- Illinois House and Senate Pass Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act. (W. Scott Kitchens, Jun. 7 2019, Alston & Bird) https://www.alstonprivacy.com/illinois-house-and-senate-pass-artificial-intelligence-video-interview-act/
- Illinois Legislative Update- New Challenges for Employers. (Mary Smigielski, Jul. 8 2019, Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP) https://lewisbrisbois.com/newsroom/legal-alerts/illinois-legislative-update-new-challenges-for-employers
- Illinois and City of Chicago Poised to Implement New Laws Addressing changes in the Workplace- Signs of Things to Come. (US) (Daniel B. Pasternak, Jun.5 2019, The National Law Review) https://www.natlawreview.com/article/illinois-and-city-chicago-poised-to-implement-new-laws-addressing-changes-workplace
- Keeping an Eye on Artificial Intelligence Regulation and Legislation. (Jennifer Betts, Jun.14 2019, Ogletree Deakins) https://ogletree.com/insights/keeping-an-eye-on-artificial-intelligence-regulation-and-legislation/
- New IL Job “Interview bot” AI Law Could Boost Lawsuit Risks for Employers. (John Breslin, Aug.1 2019, Cook County Record) https://cookcountyrecord.com/stories/512815794-new-il-job-interview-bot-a-i-law-could-boost-lawsuit-risks-for-employers
- New Illinois Bill Sets Rules for Using AI with Video Interviews. (Danah Wisenberg Brin, Jul.1 2019, SHRM) https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/state-and-local-updates/pages/illinois-ai-video-interviews.aspx
- New Illinois Law Governs Use of artificial Intelligence During Interview Process. (Jennifer Froehlich and Robert Vyverberg, Aug.13 2019, JDSUPRA) https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/new-illinois-law-governs-use-of-95464/
- Illinois Regulates the Use of AI in Video Interviews. (Sheryl A. Falk and Eric J. Shinabarger, Jun. 17 2019, LEXOLOGY) https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=49b4606c-d541-4613-9ea3-6324676a4f16
- Illinois Law Regulates Use of AI in Video Interviews. (Theodore F. Claypoole and Dominic Dhil Panakal, Aug. 15 2019, The National Law Review) https://www.natlawreview.com/article/illinois-law-regulates-use-ai-video-interviews
- Banking on Artificial intelligence: In hiring drive, Bots are calling the shots now. (Anjali Venugopalan, Jun.4 2019, The Economic Times) https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/banking-on-artificial-intelligence-in-hiring-drive-bots-are-calling-the-shots-now/articleshow/69641832.cms
- AI’s Eyes on Job interviews Prompts Law on Disclosure, Data Use. (Tyrone Richardson, Jun.12 2019, Bloomberg Law) https://news.bloomberglaw.com/privacy-and-data-security/ais-eyes-on-job-interviews-prompts-law-on-disclosure-data-use
- (Artificially) Intelligent Hiring: Good Solution or Technology Gone Mad? (John L Litchfield, Jun.24 2019, The National Law Review) https://www.natlawreview.com/article/artificially-intelligent-hiring-good-solution-or-technology-gone-mad
- AI-driven hiring could spark employment litigation. (Claire Wilkinson, Jul.9 2019, Business Insurance) https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20190709/NEWS06/912329483/AI-driven-hiring-could-spark-employment-litigation
- Is Illinois The New California for Employers? (Colton Long and Goli Rahimi, Jul.17 2019, The Employer Report) https://www.theemployerreport.com/2019/07/is-illinois-the-new-california-for-employers/